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|image = File:Arms Trade Treaty status.svg |image_width = 250px |caption = Map showing which states have signed or ratified the Treaty. |type = |date_drafted = |date_signed = Open for signature from 3 June 2013 |location_signed = New York City, USA |date_sealed = |date_effective = 〔 |condition_effective = 90 days after ratification by 50 states (Article 22) |signatories = 130〔 |parties = 78 |depositor = UN Secretary-General |language = |languages = Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish |wikisource = Arms Trade Treaty }} The Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) is a multilateral treaty that regulates the international trade in conventional weapons. It entered into force on 24 December 2014. 78 states have ratified the treaty, and a further 54 states have signed but not ratified it.〔 The ATT is an attempt to regulate the international trade of conventional weapons for the purpose of contributing to international and regional peace, reducing human suffering, and promoting co-operation, transparency and responsible action by and among states.〔Andrea Delgado, Explainer: What is the arms trade treaty? in: https://theconversation.com/explainer-what-is-the-arms-trade-treaty-37673〕〔Arms Trade Treaty in English: http://www.un.org/disarmament/ATT/docs/ATT_text_%28As_adopted_by_the_GA%29-E.pdf〕 The treaty was negotiated at a global conference under the auspices of the United Nations from July 2–27, 2012, in New York.〔(UN Conference on the Arms Trade Treaty )〕 As it was not possible to reach an agreement on a final text at that time, a new meeting for the conference was scheduled for March 18–28, 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/un-global-arms-trade-treaty-step-closer-after-resounding-vote-2012-11-07 )〕 On 2 April 2013, the UN General Assembly adopted the ATT.〔(UN General Assembly approves global arms trade treaty )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2013/ga11354.doc.htm )〕 International weapons commerce has been estimated to reach US$70 billion a year. ==Origins== The roots of what is known today as the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) can be traced back to the late 1990s, when civil society actors and Nobel Peace Prize Laureates voiced their concerns about the unregulated nature of the global arms trade and its impact on human security.〔Dina Mahmoud, A SHORT GUIDE TO THE ARMS TRADE TREATY, (Advocates for International Development, 2012) http://a4id.org/sites/default/files/user/Guide%20to%20Arms%20Trade%20Treaty.pdf〕 The ATT is part of a larger global effort begun in 1997 by Costa Rican President and 1987 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Óscar Arias. In that year, Arias led a group of Nobel Peace Prize laureates in a meeting in New York to offer the world a code of conduct for the trade in arms. This group included Elie Wiesel, Betty Williams, the Dalai Lama, José Ramos-Horta, representatives of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Amnesty International, and the American Friends Service Committee. The original idea was to establish ethical standards for the arms trade that would eventually be adopted by the international community. Over the following 16 years, the Arias Foundation for Peace & Human Progress has played an instrumental role in achieving approval of the treaty. In 2001, the process continued with the adoption of a non-legally binding program of action at the United Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms. This program was formally called the "Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects" (PoA).〔(http://www.un.org/events/smallarms2006/pdf/192.15%20(E).pdf )〕 Later put forward in 2003 by a group of Nobel Peace Laureates, the ATT was first addressed in the UN in December 2006 when the UN General Assembly adopted resolution 61/89 "Towards an Arms Trade Treaty: establishing common international standards for the import, export and transfer of conventional arms". The arms trade treaty, like the PoA, is predicated upon a hypothesis that the illicit trade in small arms is a large and serious problem requiring global action through the UN. According to a well regarded 2012 Routledge Studies in Peace and Conflict Resolution publication, "the relative importance of diversion or misuse of officially authorised transfers, compared to international entirely illegal black market trafficking has been thoroughly confirmed." The authors go on to elaborate that "For most developing or fragile states, a combination of weak domestic regulation of authorised firearms possession with theft, loss or corrupt sale from official holdings tends to be a bigger source of weapons concern than illicit trafficking across borders."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arms Trade Treaty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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